What does HAZ stand for in welding?

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Multiple Choice

What does HAZ stand for in welding?

Heat-Affected Zone is the part of the base metal that is heated by the welding process to high temperature but does not melt. This thermal exposure changes the metal’s microstructure and properties—grain growth, phase transformations, precipitation, and residual stresses can all occur depending on the material, heat input, and cooling rate. The weld metal itself melts, while the material outside the heated zone remains solid; the HAZ sits adjacent to the weld and often has different hardness and toughness than both the weld metal and the untouched base metal. The other terms aren’t standard or describe different concepts, so they don’t fit the region affected by welding heat.

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